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7 File Formats
 7.1 HyperCell cell graph (*.hcc)
 7.2 HyperCell model graph (*.hcm)
 7.3 HyperCell supercell graph (*.hcs)

7 File Formats

The following file formats are introduced by the HyperCells package:

These file formats are described in detail below.

7.1 HyperCell cell graph (*.hcc)

The basic file structure of a HyperCell cell graph file is as follows (with placeholders marked by <...>):

HyperCells HCC version 1.0
[ <r>, <q>, <p> ]
[ <relators> , <center> ]
[ g1, g2, ... ] -> <generators>
<TDGAMMA>
[ <TGGx>, <TGGy>, <TGGz> ]
<vertices>
<edges>
<edge translations>
<faces>
<boundary>

The first line specifies the file format and its version.

The second line gives the signature \((r,q,p)\) of the underlying triangle group \(\Delta(r,q,p)\) and the third line specifies the triangle-group quotient \(\Delta^+(r,q,p)/\Gamma\) by the list of relators <relators> given as elements of the proper triangle group \(\Delta^+\) with generators \(x\), \(y\), \(z\) and the center of the cell given as the integer <center> with 1, 2, 3 corresponding to the center lying at the vertex \(x\), \(y\), \(z\) of the fundamental Schwarz triangle, respectively.

The fourth line specifies the generators of the translation group \(\Gamma\). To the left of -> are the generators of the finitely presented group and to the right the list <generators> of their images in the proper triangle group \(\Delta^+\) in terms of the generators \(x\), \(y\), \(z\).

The fifth line gives the transversal \(T_{\Delta^+}(\Gamma)\) as a list <TDGAMMA> of elements of the proper triangle group \(\Delta^+\) and the sixth line specifies the transversals \(T_{G^+}(G_w^+)\) as lists <TGGw> with \(w=x,y,z\) (w=x,y,z) of preimages of elements of the quotient group \(G^+\cong\Delta^+/\Gamma\) under the quotient homomorphism \(\Delta^+\to G^+\), i.e., in terms of the generators \(x\), \(y\), \(z\).

Lines seven to ten specify the vertices, edges, edge translations and faces of the cell:

Finally, the eleventh line specifies the boundary identifications of the cell as a list <boundary> with entries of the form [ d1, d2, e, b, m, gam ], where d1, d2 are elements of \(T_{\Delta^+}(\Gamma)\subset\Delta^+\) labeling the Schwarz triangles this edge is a part of, e the position in <edges>, b a running integer index of the boundary (identical for identified boundaries), m either 0 or 1 indicating the orientation of the triangle associated with this instance of the boundary (0 for gray and 1 for white Schwarz triangle), and gam the translation relating the given to the identified boundary, as an element of the finitely presented group, i.e., in terms of the generators given to the left of -> in the third line.

The full file structure of a HyperCell cell graph file thus is as follows:

HyperCells HCC version 1.0
[ <r>, <q>, <p> ]
[ [ <rel1>, <rel2>, ... ], <center> ]
[ g1, g2, ... ] -> [ <generator1>, <generator2>, ... ]
[ <d1>, <d2>, ... ]
[ [ <gx1>, <gx2>, ... ], [ <gy1>, <gy2>, ... ], [ <gz1>, <gz2>, ... ] ]
[ [ w, gi ], ... ]
[ [ v1, v2, s ], ... ]
[ [ gam1, gam2, ... ], ... ]
[ [ edge, orientation ], ... ]
[ [ d1, d2, e, b, m, gam ], ... ]

A complete example for the cell graph of the quotient T2.6 of \(\Delta(2,8,8)\) is given below:

HyperCells HCC version 1.0
[ 2, 8, 8 ]
[ [ x^2, x*y*z, x*z*y, y^3*z^-1 ], 3 ]
[ g1, g2, g3, g4 ] -> [ z^-1*x^-1*y*z^-1*y*z*y*x^-1, z^-1*x^-1*y*z^-1*y*z*y*
  x^-1*y*x*z, z*y*(x^-1*z^-1)^2*y^3*x*z, y^-1*z*y^-1*x*z ]
[ 1, y^-1*x^-1, (y^-1*x^-1)^2, (y^-1*x^-1)^3, (y^-1*x^-1)^4, (y^-1*x^-1)^5,
  (y^-1*x^-1)^6, (y^-1*x^-1)^7 ]
[ [ 1, (y^-1*x^-1)^3, y^-1*x^-1, (y^-1*x^-1)^2 ], [ 1 ], [ 1 ] ]
[ [ 1, 1 ], [ 1, 2 ], [ 1, 3 ], [ 1, 4 ], [ 2, 1 ], [ 3, 1 ] ]
[ [ 1, 6, 1 ], [ 5, 1, 1 ], [ 6, 5, 1 ], [ 3, 6, 2 ], [ 5, 3, 2 ], [ 6, 5, 2 ],
  [ 4, 6, 3 ], [ 5, 4, 3 ], [ 6, 5, 3 ], [ 2, 6, 4 ], [ 5, 2, 4 ], [ 6, 5, 4 ],
  [ 1, 6, 5 ], [ 5, 1, 5 ], [ 6, 5, 5 ], [ 3, 6, 6 ], [ 5, 3, 6 ], [ 6, 5, 6 ],
  [ 4, 6, 7 ], [ 5, 4, 7 ], [ 6, 5, 7 ], [ 2, 6, 8 ], [ 5, 2, 8 ], [ 6, 5, 8 ] ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, g2^-1*g3*g4^-1, g4*g3^-1*g2, 1, g2^-1*g1, g1^-1*g2, 1, g4^-1, g4,
  g1, g2^-1*g3*g4^-1, g1^-1*g2*g3^-1*g4, g2, g2^-1*g1, g1^-1, g3, g4^-1,
  g4*g3^-1, g4, g4^-1*g3*g2^-1*g1, g1^-1*g2*g3^-1 ]
[ [ [ [ 1, 1 ], [ 3, 1 ], [ 18, -1 ], [ 13, -1 ] ], [ [ 4, 1 ], [ 6, 1 ],
  [ 21, -1 ], [ 16, -1 ] ], [ [ 7, 1 ], [ 9, 1 ], [ 24, -1 ], [ 19, -1 ] ],
  [ [ 10, 1 ], [ 12, 1 ], [ 3, -1 ], [ 22, -1 ] ], [ [ 13, 1 ], [ 15, 1 ],
  [ 6, -1 ], [ 1, -1 ] ], [ [ 16, 1 ], [ 18, 1 ], [ 9, -1 ], [ 4, -1 ] ],
  [ [ 19, 1 ], [ 21, 1 ], [ 12, -1 ], [ 7, -1 ] ], [ [ 22, 1 ], [ 24, 1 ],
  [ 15, -1 ], [ 10, -1 ] ] ], [ [ [ 2, 1 ], [ 1, 1 ], [ 22, -1 ], [ 11, -1 ] ],
  [ [ 5, 1 ], [ 4, 1 ], [ 1, -1 ], [ 14, -1 ] ], [ [ 8, 1 ], [ 7, 1 ], [ 4, -1 ],
  [ 17, -1 ] ], [ [ 11, 1 ], [ 10, 1 ], [ 7, -1 ], [ 20, -1 ] ], [ [ 14, 1 ],
  [ 13, 1 ], [ 10, -1 ], [ 23, -1 ] ], [ [ 17, 1 ], [ 16, 1 ], [ 13, -1 ],
  [ 2, -1 ] ], [ [ 20, 1 ], [ 19, 1 ], [ 16, -1 ], [ 5, -1 ] ], [ [ 23, 1 ],
  [ 22, 1 ], [ 19, -1 ], [ 8, -1 ] ] ], [ [ [ 3, 1 ], [ 2, 1 ], [ 14, -1 ],
  [ 6, -1 ] ], [ [ 6, 1 ], [ 5, 1 ], [ 17, -1 ], [ 9, -1 ] ], [ [ 9, 1 ],
  [ 8, 1 ], [ 20, -1 ], [ 12, -1 ] ], [ [ 12, 1 ], [ 11, 1 ], [ 23, -1 ],
  [ 15, -1 ] ], [ [ 15, 1 ], [ 14, 1 ], [ 2, -1 ], [ 18, -1 ] ], [ [ 18, 1 ],
  [ 17, 1 ], [ 5, -1 ], [ 21, -1 ] ], [ [ 21, 1 ], [ 20, 1 ], [ 8, -1 ],
  [ 24, -1 ] ], [ [ 24, 1 ], [ 23, 1 ], [ 11, -1 ], [ 3, -1 ] ] ] ]
[ [ 1, 1, 2, 1, 0, g1 ], [ (y*x)^3*y, (y*x)^3*y, 2, 1, 1, g1^-1 ], [ y^-1*x^-1,
  y^-1*x^-1, 5, 2, 0, g2 ], [ (y*x)^2*y, (y*x)^2*y, 5, 2, 1, g2^-1 ],
  [ (y^-1*x^-1)^2, (y^-1*x^-1)^2, 8, 3, 0, g3 ], [ y*x*y, y*x*y, 8, 3, 1, g3^-1 ],
  [ (y^-1*x^-1)^3, (y^-1*x^-1)^3, 11, 4, 0, g4 ], [ y, y, 11, 4, 1, g4^-1 ],
  [ (y^-1*x^-1)^4, (y^-1*x^-1)^4, 14, 1, 0, g1^-1 ], [ x^-1, x^-1, 14, 1, 1, g1 ],
  [ (y^-1*x^-1)^5, (y^-1*x^-1)^5, 17, 2, 0, g2^-1 ], [ (y*x)^6*y, (y*x)^6*y, 17,
  2, 1, g2 ], [ (y^-1*x^-1)^6, (y^-1*x^-1)^6, 20, 3, 0, g3^-1 ], [ (y*x)^5*y,
  (y*x)^5*y, 20, 3, 1, g3 ], [ (y^-1*x^-1)^7, (y^-1*x^-1)^7, 23, 4, 0, g4^-1 ],
  [ (y*x)^4*y, (y*x)^4*y, 23, 4, 1, g4 ] ]

7.2 HyperCell model graph (*.hcm)

The basic file structure of a HyperCell model graph file is as follows (with placeholders marked by <...>):

HyperCells HCM version 1.0
[ <r>, <q>, <p> ]
[ <relators> , <center> ]
[ g1, g2, ... ] -> <generators>
<TDGAMMA>
[ <TGGx>, <TGGy>, <TGGz> ]
<model type>
<vertices>
<edges>
<edge translations>
<faces>

The first line specifies the file format and its version.

The second line gives the signature \((r,q,p)\) of the underlying triangle group \(\Delta(r,q,p)\) and the third line specifies the triangle-group quotient \(\Delta^+(r,q,p)/\Gamma\) by the list of relators <relators> given as elements of the proper triangle group \(\Delta^+\) with generators \(x\), \(y\), \(z\) and the center of the cell given as the integer <center> with 1, 2, 3 corresponding to the center lying at the vertex \(x\), \(y\), \(z\) of the fundamental Schwarz triangle, respectively.

The fourth line specifies the generators of the translation group \(\Gamma\). To the left of -> are the generators of the finitely presented group and to the right the list <generators> of their images in the proper triangle group \(\Delta^+\) in terms of the generators \(x\), \(y\), \(z\).

The fifth line gives the transversal \(T_{\Delta^+}(\Gamma)\) as a list <TDGAMMA> of elements of the proper triangle group \(\Delta^+\) and the sixth line specifies the transversals \(T_{G^+}(G_w^+)\) as lists <TGGw> with \(w=x,y,z\) (w=x,y,z) of preimages of elements of the quotient group \(G^+\cong\Delta^+/\Gamma\) under the quotient homomorphism \(\Delta^+\to G^+\), i.e., in terms of the generators \(x\), \(y\), \(z\).

The seventh line specifies the model type. The following model types are currently implemented:

Lines eight to eleven specify the vertices, edges, edge translations and faces of the cell:

The full file structure of a HyperCell cell graph file thus is as follows:

HyperCells HCM version 1.0
[ <r>, <q>, <p> ]
[ [ <rel1>, <rel2>, ... ], <center> ]
[ g1, g2, ... ] -> [ <generator1>, <generator2>, ... ]
[ <d1>, <d2>, ... ]
[ [ <gx1>, <gx2>, ... ], [ <gy1>, <gy2>, ... ], [ <gz1>, <gz2>, ... ] ]
<model type>
[ [ w, gi ], ... ]
[ [ v1, v2, tag ], ... ]
[ [ gam1, gam2, ... ], ... ]
[ [ edge, orientation ], ... ]

A complete example for the \({8,8}\) tessellation graph centered at the \(z\) vertex on the cell defined by the quotient T2.6 of \(\Delta(2,8,8)\) is given below:

HyperCells HCM version 1.0
[ 2, 8, 8 ]
[ [ x^2, x*y*z, x*z*y, y^3*z^-1 ], 3 ]
[ g1, g2, g3, g4 ] -> [ z^-1*x^-1*y*z^-1*y*z*y*x^-1,
  z^-1*x^-1*y*z^-1*y*z*y*x^-1*y*x*z, z*y*(x^-1*z^-1)^2*y^3*x*z, y^-1*z*y^-1*x*z ]
[ 1, y^-1*x^-1, (y^-1*x^-1)^2, (y^-1*x^-1)^3, (y^-1*x^-1)^4, (y^-1*x^-1)^5,
  (y^-1*x^-1)^6, (y^-1*x^-1)^7 ]
[ [ 1, (y^-1*x^-1)^3, y^-1*x^-1, (y^-1*x^-1)^2 ], [ 1 ], [ 1 ] ]
[ "TESS", [ 8, 8 ], [ "VEF", [ [ 3 ], [ 1 ], [ 2 ] ] ] ]
[ [ 3, 1 ] ]
[ [ 1, 1, [ 1, [ [ 1, 1 ], 1, 5 ] ] ], [ 1, 1, [ 1, [ [ 1, 2 ], 4, 8 ] ] ],
  [ 1, 1, [ 1, [ [ 1, 3 ], 2, 6 ] ] ], [ 1, 1, [ 1, [ [ 1, 4 ], 3, 7 ] ] ] ]
[ g1, g4, g2, g3 ]
[ [ [ 1, -1 ], [ 2, -1 ], [ 4, 1 ], [ 3, -1 ], [ 1, 1 ], [ 2, 1 ], [ 4, -1 ],
  [ 3, 1 ] ] ]

7.3 HyperCell supercell graph (*.hcs)

The basic file structure of a HyperCell supercell model graph file is as follows (with placeholders marked by <...>):

HyperCells HCS version 1.0
[ <r>, <q>, <p> ]
[ <primitive cell relators> , <supercell relators>, <center> ]
[ g1, g2, ... ] -> <pc generators>
<TDGAMMApc>
[ <TGpcGx>, <TGpcGy>, <TGpcGz> ]
[ g1, g2, ... ] -> <sc generators>
[ g1, g2, ... ] -> <sc generators in terms of pc generators>
<TGAMMApcGAMMAsc>
<TDGAMMAsc>
[ <TGscGx>, <TGscGy>, <TGscGz> ]
<model type>
<vertices>
<edges>
<edge translations>
<faces>

The first line specifies the file format and its version.

The second line gives the signature \((r,q,p)\) of the underlying triangle group \(\Delta(r,q,p)\) and the third line specifies the triangle-group quotient \(\Delta^+(r,q,p)/\Gamma_\mathrm{pc}\) and \(\Delta^+(r,q,p)/\Gamma_\mathrm{sc}\) by the list of relators <primitive cell relators> and <supercell relators>, respectively, given as elements of the proper triangle group \(\Delta^+\) with generators \(x\), \(y\), \(z\) and the center of the cell given as the integer <center> with 1, 2, 3 corresponding to the center lying at the vertex \(x\), \(y\), \(z\) of the fundamental Schwarz triangle, respectively.

The fourth line specifies the generators of the translation group \(\Gamma_\mathrm{pc}\) of the primitive cell. To the left of -> are the generators of the finitely presented group and to the right the list <generators> of their images in the proper triangle group \(\Delta^+\) in terms of the generators \(x\), \(y\), \(z\).

The fifth line gives the transversal \(T_{\Delta^+}(\Gamma_\mathrm{pc})\) as a list <TDGAMMApc> of elements of the proper triangle group \(\Delta^+\) and the sixth line specifies the transversals \(T_{G^+_\mathrm{pc}}(G_w^+)\) as lists <TGpcGw> with \(w=x,y,z\) (w=x,y,z) of preimages of elements of the quotient group \(G^+_\mathrm{pc}\cong\Delta^+/\Gamma_\mathrm{pc}\) under the quotient homomorphism \(\Delta^+\to G^+_\mathrm{pc}\), i.e., in terms of the generators \(x\), \(y\), \(z\).

Lines seven, ten, and eleven give the same information as lines three, four, and five, respectively, but for the supercell (\(G^+_\mathrm{sc}\), \(\Gamma_\mathrm{sc}\)) instead of the primitive cell. The eighth line specifies the homomorphism embedding the normal subgroup \(\Gamma_\mathrm{sc}\) in \(\Gamma_\mathrm{pc}\) with the generators of the finitely presented group \(\Gamma_\mathrm{sc}\) to the left of -> and their images in the finitely presented group \(\Gamma_\mathrm{pc}\) to the right. The ninth line gives the corresponding transversal \(T_{\Gamma_\mathrm{pc}} (\Gamma_\mathrm{sc})\) as a list <TGAMMApcGAMMAsc> of elements of the triangle group \(\Delta^+\).

The twelfth line specifies the model type. The following model types are currently implemented:

Lines thirteen to sixteen specify the vertices, edges, edge translations and faces of the cell:

The full file structure of a HyperCell cell graph file thus is as follows:

HyperCells HCS version 1.0
[ <r>, <q>, <p> ]
[ [ <rel1>, <rel2>, ... ], [ <rel1>, <rel2>, ... ], <center> ]
[ g1, g2, ... ] -> [ <pc generator1>, <pc generator2>, ... ]
[ <d1>, <d2>, ... ]
[ [ <gx1>, <gx2>, ... ], [ <gy1>, <gy2>, ... ], [ <gz1>, <gz2>, ... ] ]
[ g1, g2, ... ] -> [ <sc generator1>, <sc generator2>, ... ]
[ eta1, eta2, ... ]
[ <dsc1>, <dsc2>, ... ]
[ [ <gscx1>, <gscx2>, ... ], [ <gscy1>, <gscy2>, ... ], ... ]
<model type>
[ [ w, gi ], ... ]
[ [ v1, v2, s ], ... ]
[ [ gam1, gam2, ... ], ... ]
[ [ edge, orientation ], ... ]

A complete example for the \({8,8}\) tessellation graph centered at the \(z\) vertex on the cell defined by the quotient T2.6 of \(\Delta(2,8,8)\) extended to the supercell defined by the quotient T3.11 is given below:

HyperCells HCS version 1.0
[ 2, 8, 8 ]
[ [ x^2, x*y*z, x*z*y, y^3*z^-1 ], [ x^2, x*y*z, x*z*y, y^-8 ], 3 ]
[ g1, g2, g3, g4 ] -> [ z^-1*x^-1*y*z^-1*y*z*y*x^-1,
  z^-1*x^-1*y*z^-1*y*z*y*x^-1*y*x*z, z*y*(x^-1*z^-1)^2*y^3*x*z, y^-1*z*y^-1*x*z ]
[ 1, y^-1*x^-1, (y^-1*x^-1)^2, (y^-1*x^-1)^3, (y^-1*x^-1)^4, (y^-1*x^-1)^5,
  (y^-1*x^-1)^6, (y^-1*x^-1)^7 ]
[ [ 1, (y^-1*x^-1)^3, y^-1*x^-1, (y^-1*x^-1)^2 ], [ 1 ], [ 1 ] ]
[ g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6 ] -> [ x*y^-1*z^-1, y*x*z, z*y^-1*z^-1*y, y^2*x*z*y^-1,
  y^-1*z*y^-1*z^-1*y^2, y^3*x*z*y^-2 ]
[ g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6 ] -> [ g1^-1*g4^-1, g1^-1*g2, g3*g4^-1,
  g1^-1*g2*g4^-1*g1^-1*g2*g3^-1*g4*g1*g2^-1*g1, g4*g1^-1*g4^-1*g3*g2^-1*g1,
  g1^-1*g2*g3^-1*g4*g2^-1*g1 ]
[ 1, y^3*z^-1 ]
[ 1, x, y, y^-1, z, z^-1, y^2, y*z^-1, y^-2, y^-1*z, y^3, y^2*z^-1, y^-3, y^-2*z,
  y^4, y^3*z^-1 ]
[ [ 1, y, y^-1, y^2, y^-2, y^3, y^-3, y^4 ], [ 1, x ], [ 1, x ] ]
[ "TESS", [ 8, 8 ], [ "VEF", [ [ 3 ], [ 1 ], [ 2 ] ] ] ]
[ [ 3, 1, 1 ], [ 3, 1, 2 ] ]
[ 1, x ]
[ [ 1, 2, [ 1, 1, [ 1, [ [ 1, 1 ], 1, 5 ] ] ] ],
  [ 1, 2, [ 1, 1, [ 1, [ [ 1, 2 ], 4, 8 ] ] ] ],
  [ 1, 2, [ 1, 1, [ 1, [ [ 1, 3 ], 2, 6 ] ] ] ],
  [ 1, 2, [ 1, 1, [ 1, [ [ 1, 4 ], 3, 7 ] ] ] ],
  [ 2, 1, [ 1, 1, [ 1, [ [ 1, 1 ], 1, 5 ] ] ] ],
  [ 2, 1, [ 1, 1, [ 1, [ [ 1, 2 ], 4, 8 ] ] ] ],
  [ 2, 1, [ 1, 1, [ 1, [ [ 1, 3 ], 2, 6 ] ] ] ],
  [ 2, 1, [ 1, 1, [ 1, [ [ 1, 4 ], 3, 7 ] ] ] ] ]
[ 1, g4^-1*g6*g2, g2, g4^-1*g2, g3*g5^-1*g3^-1*g1^-1*g2^-1*g4^-1*g6^-1*g4, g1^-1,
  g3*g5^-1*g1^-1, g3*g1^-1 ]
[ ]
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